Description
Willow systems are treatment wetlands (TW) dominated by willows. They are used for on-site
wastewater treatment and reuse by production of woody biomass. They are designed to treat all infl ow
water through evapotranspiration and thus there is no outfl ow from the system. Zero-discharge willow
systems are most appropriate for the sites with strict wastewater discharge standards or where soil
infi ltration is not possible; however, systems with outfl ow or percolation are also in use. Zero-discharge
willow systems produce a signifi cant amount of biomass that can be used for energy purposes, as well
as soil amendment, etc.
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